Comets are space, ice wanderers left over from the formation of the solar system.
A kind of cosmic snowballs, the size of a small city. They include frozen gas, which is formed as a result of explosions on stars, and metal particles, the remains of steroids, meteorites, the same comets, frozen liquids.
Approaching the Sun, cosmic bodies begin to collapse due to the released elements and form a giant tail, millions of kilometers long; the tail is located in the opposite direction from the Sun, under the influence of the "solar wind".
“These hermits are born” beyond the planet Neptune, in the belt of comets. Short-period planets are those that make 1 revolution around the Sun over 200 years.
Long-period comets are those that come from the Orth cloud, a hypothetical spherical region whose presence is calculated but not confirmed. These guests only once every 30 million years are able to wrap themselves around the sun.
Currently, 3,572 comets have been discovered, representing 10 the most famous of them.
10. Comet Hiyakutawa
- Official name: C / 1996 B2.
- Opening date: January 30, 1996.
- Discoverer: Yuji Hyakutake (Japan).
Another name, "The Great Comet of 1996," she received because her passage through the night sky was possible to see without the use of astronomical instruments.
It is delightful that the Japanese astronomer discovered the celestial body a few months before its rapprochement with the earth. Scientists' calculations showed that the comet March 25, 1996 will pass very close to the Earth at a distance of 15.2 million kilometers.
Residents of the northern hemisphere could observe the comet throughout the night.
It is noteworthy that the last time a comet visited the solar system 17,000 years ago. And he will return, in no hurry, in 74,000 years.
9. Comet Humason
- Official name: C / 1961 R1.
- Opening date: September 1, 1961.
- Discoverer: Milton Humason (USA).
The period of revolution around the Sun is 2940 years. Its core is approximately 40 kilometers.
She is gigantic huge. Its tail has a length of 748 million km.
In June 2010, residents of the Northern Hemisphere could see this beauty in the sky.
8. Comet Morehouse
- Official name: C / 1908 R1.
- Opening date: 1908 year
- Discoverer: D. Morehouse (USA).
The famous spectral analysis then applicable established that the comet has a head and flows through the narrowing of the shells into the tail.
The discovery that the tail is also unusual was striking. It is shaped like rays-spokes, closing and opening like an umbrella, which in turn made it possible to form several tails.
Observation of the comet revealed the following feature. The tails were able to burst and after some time grew again. This unique and only phenomenon could not be seen in the study of other comets.
7. Comet Ikea – Seki
- Official name: C / 1965 C1.
- Opening date: September 18, 1965
- Discoverers: Kaoru Ikea and Tsutomi Seki (Japan).
Independently of each other, Kaoru Ikei and Tsutomi Seki - amateur astronomers are the pioneers of this interesting comet. This event occurred on September 18, 1965.
The comet belongs to the ice monsters, "offending the crown of the Sun", that is, it passes through its outer layers at a distance of 500 thousand kilometers.
Observers indeed recorded a bright comet near the Sun. According to descriptions, it was even brighter than the sun itself.
There is an opinion that the open comet is one of the Kreutz near-solar comets, part of a giant comet that began to collapse when passing near the Sun since 1106.
6. Comet West
- Official name: C / 1975 V1.
- Opening date: August 25, 1975
- Discoverers: Richard West (Denmark).
The opening was recorded in a photographic way. A rare guest of the universe. A complete revolution around the sun occurs once every 250,000 years. It was because of its huge orbital period that it came into the view of scientists.
Although its brightness is not inferior to the planet Jupiter, which could be observed even during the day. And the cosmic beauty of a long-period comet is still waiting for its description.
Her tail covered 30 degrees of the sky in the form of a triangle. The data was obtained that, passing through the point of the orbit closest to the Sun, the comet's nucleus split into four fragments.
Since little was written and spoken about her, unfortunately, not many were able to see her current approach to Earth.
5. Comet De Ceso
- Official name: –
- Opening date: December 9, 1743
- Discoverers: De Chaz (France) and Klinberg (USA).
Two discoverers of De Chez from Lausagni in France, December 13, 1943 and a little earlier, Klinberg from Harlem on December 9, 1743 discovered this brightest comet independent of each other.
Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it was able to generate as many as eleven tails. This comet belongs to long-period guests.
Due to the fact that the comet showed its reverence to earthlings in 1743, and the official version of astronomical discoveries was completed in 1725, this cosmic body does not have an official number.
4. Comet Bennett
- Official name: C / 1969 Y1.
- Opening date: December 28, 1969.
- Discoverer: John Bennet (South Africa).
It is noteworthy that a sparkling tail, perpendicular to the Earth’s orbit, was separated from the huge core.
Intense glow produced a hydrogen cloud surrounding the comet's head and tail, stretching over 13 million kilometers. The period of revolution around the Sun is 1,678 years.
3. Comet Maknot
- Official name: C / 2006 P1.
- Opening date: August 7, 2006.
- Discoverer: Robert McNaught (Australia).
The open comet is long-period. This is the brightest comet in the last 40 years.
Residents of the Southern Hemisphere in 2007 could observe it everywhere, without a special increase.
The maximum approach to the Earth’s orbit was 122,672 million kilometers and occurred on January 15, 2007.
2. Comet Jacobine - Zinner
- Official Names: P / 1900 Y1 and P / 1913 U1.
- Opening date: 1900 year.
- Discoverer: Michelle Jacobini (France).
Discovered by Michelle Jacobini in 1900. In 1913 it was described by Ernest Zinner, after the comet survived 2 approaches to the Sun.
The maximum approach to the luminary was 155.284 million kilometers. And the entire period of revolution around the Sun is 6.52 years. On September 13, 2018, the comet approached the Earth's orbit at 58.3444 million kilometers.
Its passage caused a real space show in the form of a meteor shower Dracoinid. Small and large meteorites began to pour from the constellation of the Dragon, which flashed like yellow and red strokes in the night sky. Expected activity - 5-15 meteorites per hour.
1. Comet Haley - Bopp
- Official name: C / 1995 O1.
- Opening date: July 23, 1995.
- Discoverers: Alain Hale and Thomas Bopp (USA).
This long-period comet was discovered on July 23, 1995 by Alain Hale and Thomas Bopp, two observers, independently of each other.
A sparkling, beautifully exciting miracle could be observed for 18 months. The core across is up to 90 kilometers long. The tail of the comet extended over 50 million kilometers.
At the time of discovery, the comet was located at a distance of 1077.12 million kilometers from the Sun. The comet approached the Earth at a minimum short distance, which is equal to 196.7 million kilometers.
Currently, it is rapidly moving away, being very far beyond the orbit of Uranus. She is expected to return no earlier than 4,390 years.